The Churchill County Museum & Archives works to preserve the history and artifacts related to Fallon and the County of Churchill. The idea of the Museum started in 1964, the same year of Nevada celebrated its 100th birthday of being a state. Prior to the establishment of the Museum, centennial festivities were held throughout the city. When these days ended, volunteers from the community decided to establish a permanent repository that would preserve the local history of the city and county.

In 1967, the old Safeway building was purchased by Margaret and Alex Oser for the Churchill County. Originally, it was intended to house a library. Fortunately for the Museum, the board received a large grant that enabled it to the have a new library building constructed. Community volunteers then lobbied the County Commissioners for the museum.

On July 4, 1968, The Churchill County Museum & Archives opened to the public. Generous area residents contributed artifacts and displays that were showcased in the Museum. The contributions were too overwhelming that they were able to fill more than 10,000 square feet of exhibition space. In 2000, a West Annex building was added, providing an additional 4,000 square feet of space.

Churchill County owns the building occupied by the museum while the artifacts are owned by the CCMA or the Churchill County Museum Association, the group of community volunteers who pushed the establishment of the Museum.